脊柱的英語翻譯：

rachis; spine
【醫(yī)】 back bone; backbone; columnae vertebralis; dorsal column; dorsal spine
rachi; rachio-; rachis; rhachi-; rhachis; spina; spina dorsalis; spinae
spinal column; spine; spondyl-; spondylo-; vertebrarium

后的英語翻譯：

after; back; behind; offspring; queen
【醫(yī)】 meta-; post-; retro-

突的英語翻譯：

dash forward; projecting; sticking out; sudden
【醫(yī)】 mucro; papillae; process; Processus; umbo