1、To act against an often detrimental influence or power.
對抗對抗一種通常有害的影響或力量

2、We should strive mightily to act against talk.
我們應一致反對的是空談，應一致努力的是實踐。

3、All of which use common simple operations to act against distinct resources.
它們都使用普通的簡單操作針對明確的資源起作用。